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Exhaust Cylinder Head
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This past weekend, I installed new spark plugs in my Toyota truck. So while it is fresh in my mind I wanted to cover the basics of how to read a spark plug, from the point of view of weekend mechanic.
First let's cover the basic functions of the spark plug.
The spark plug has two primary functions:
1. Ignite air/fuel mixture
2. Transfer heat from the combustion chamber
Now that you know what a spark plug does, lets discuss how to remove the plugs.
This may be common sense, but please allow the engine and exhaust to cool down prior to performing this task.
1. With the engine cooled, disconnect the spark plug wire caps where they connect to the plug inside the cylinder head. My advice is to very gently pull of the wire caps. On one set I yanked at the wire cap and stripped out the inside. This was dumb, but it allowed me to buy a nice set of red wires.
2. With the spark plug wire caps removed, I suggest cleaning out the area around the plug. The best way to do this is with compressed air to blow out the debris and crud that has accumulated. Please leave the plug in for this, the idea is that you want to remove the crud so it does not fall into the cylinder head when you extract the plug.
3. Grab your spark plug socket, I forget the correct size for the Victory plug, and remove the plug. It does not take much to loosen the plug since they are only tightened with 12 lb-ft (Foot Pounds) of torque.
4. Now is the time to perform basic inspection of the plug. A plug is the best indicator on how well your engine is performing.
First check for the following:
a. worn out electrodes
b. check the insulators for cracks
c. and check the color of the insulator.
As mentioned, the spark plug insulator color gives you an indication of how well your freedom engine is operating.
INSULATOR COLOR
- A light to light tan/gray color ... Condition is: GOOD. This light tan/gray color tells you that the spark plug is operating at optimum temperature and that the engine is in good condition.
- If the insulator is white .. Condition is LEAN and engine is running hot.
- When the insulator has a black sooty deposit or looks wet ... You have an Over-RICH condition and possible Oil control problems.
Installing the Spark Plugs
Whether you are replacing or installing a new spark plug, always check the spark plug cap with a gap or wire gauge. The gap specification is: 0.8mm (0.032in).
I run the NGK CPR6EA-9 spark plugs in my 204 Kingpin. 2003 Vegas bikes use model: NGK CR7EB
If you are disciplined, you will put anti-seize compound on the spark plug threads. I never have, but it is suggested.
The torque specifications for the plugs are: 16Nm or 12 lb-ft (Foot Pounds)
I hope this article has provided you with the basics on how to read the spark plugs from your motorcycle. Note that the same principle of reading the spark plug coloration applies to all engines, not just motorcycle engines.
Learn How To Fix A Head Gasket With Engine Block Sealer
Occasionally, the compression in the cylinder will cause a leak to form in the gasket and the gasket will have to be replaced, or severe damage can take place (a "blown" head gasket). This problem has been exacerbated by the use of aluminum rather than iron cylinder heads; while lighter than iron, aluminum has a much greater thermal expansion rate, which in turn causes a great deal more stress to be placed on the head gasket. Engine makers have responded to this by adding a non-stick coating such as Teflon to the surface of the head gasket.
If the gasket fails, a variety of problems can occur, from compression loss (leading to power reduction, or a rough engine), to exhaust gases being forced into the cooling system, leading to the engine overheating and increased engine wear due to the motor oil being mixed with antifreeze. Coolant can leak into the cylinders, causing the exhaust to issue steam[3] and the catalytic converter to be damaged. If a very large amount of coolant does this, hydrolock can occur, causing extensive engine damage. Sometimes, all that may happen when a head gasket is blown is excessive steam erupting from the tailpipe; yet the engine may act and drive like normal, until all the coolant is gone and the engine overheats.
The following are instructions for a TEMPORARY fix for you gasket:
Drain your radiator of anti-freeze. Your block sealer won't work correctly with the anti-freeze in the radiator. In order to do this, locate the petcock on the bottom of the radiator, open it and allow all the fluid to drain into a pan.
Dispose of the anti-freeze in accordance with EPA federal rules and regulations. A mechanic can assist you if necessary. **Anti-freeze and block sealer is a volatile mix and cannot be in the radiator at the same time.**
Prepare the sealant mixture as indicated on the product's directions. Typically, you will need to add a specific amount of water to the mix, and then pour it into your vehicle's radiator. Idle your vehicle for about 30 minutes to let it settle in the cracks.
Do some driving to make sure the mixture moves around and fills in all the cracks. Drive the vehicle a day for the treatment to fully dry.
Drain the sealer and add new anti-freeze.
Get a new radiator or head gasket in your vehicle once you can afford the time and money for the repairs.
Purchase a new radiator or head gasket as soon as you can afford to complete repairs.
About the Author
William Ward is a contributor to Road and Track Magazine, a member of SEMA and owner of www.ShockValuesRacing.com
on a 4 cylinder engine what gaskets cause water in the exhaust pipe?
I get lots of water from my exhaust pipe. first i think head gasket but, the water/ white smoke does not come instantly i have to rev the engine for a while but then it flows like no other. 1988 Honda prelude if it helps. head gasket takes some work so i do not want to do it for nothing
your engine has few points where water can enter the cylinders. water flows around the cylinders for cooling of the cylinders and passes through small passages in the head. the thermostat housing fees through these passages as well. you need to remove the spark plugs and crank the motor over a few times watching for moisture (fuel will be there too though!) it may resemble sooty stuff as it will push out exhaust soot.
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